SECTION 1

1. Safety critical control from an important element how oil and gas installations preventys hazardous situations from occuring during production.

a)  Identify two types of safety controls  (2)

b) outline the purpose and important elements of an emergency shutdown (ESD) system. (8)

c) Outline the precautions necessary to ensure the safety of an installation dusring the by passing of an ESD during unplanned maintanance (10)

SECTION 2:

2 Many major oil/gas incidents have occured as a result of unconfident vapour cloud explosions. eg: Flixbrough, texas city.

a) Define what is meant by term unconfident vapour explosion.  (2)

b)Outline why such events should be investigated.  (4)

c) Identify how casualities can be minimized if an UVCE occurs at an on-shore oil and gas installation such as texas city. (2)

 
3

(a) Outline what is meant by term standard operating procedure. (2)

(b) Identify typical examples of activities which should be covered by standard operating procedures. (6)

4  Crude oil isdischarged from tankers at a marine terminal before transfering to storage vessels.

Outline the precautions the tanker crew and terminal operators should take to ensure the safe transfer of crude oil from the tanker. (8)

5 

(a) Outline the hazzards related with drilling mud (4)

(b) Outline the controls necessary to protect workers involved in drilling operations. (4)

6  Risk management plays an important role in ensuring safe process and maintananace operations at oil and gas operations.

(a) Outline what is meant by the term ''as low as reasonably practacible'' (2)

(b) identify two types of risk assesment used by the oil and gas industry (2)